Ethiopia is one of the Africa’s fastest growing economies. The country’s growth originates from manufacturing, construction and agriculture-related industries. Although periodic drought and massive soil degradation have previously plagued the country’s agriculture, the sector remains the backbone of the country’s economy. Agriculture still accounts for up to 80% of total labor force, 84% of exports and 46.3% of gross domestic product (GDP). Additionally, other numerous economic activities rely on agriculture, including processing, marketing and export of agricultural commodities.
Ethiopia has a large variety of indigenous plant and animal species. In some areas, the mountains are covered with shrubs such as pyracantha, jasmine, poinsettia, and a varied assortment of evergreens. Caraway, carcade, cardamom, chat, coriander, incense, myrrh, and red pepper are common.
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Ethiopia's agriculture is plagued by periodic drought, soil degradation caused by overgrazing, deforestation, high levels of taxation and poor infrastructure (making it difficult and expensive to get goods to market). Yet agriculture is the country's most promising resource. A potential exists for self-sufficiency in grains and for export development in livestock, grains, vegetables, and fruits. As many as 4.6 million people need food assistance annually.
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Ethiopia has huge agricultural potential owing to the country’s diverse climate, largely adequate rainfall, its vast fertile lands and a large pool of affordable labor. Unsparingly, the Exports are almost entirely agricultural commodities, with coffee being the largest foreign exchange earner. The country is also Africa’s third largest producer of maize. Agriculture remains one of Ethiopia’s most important and promising sector. However, the production has remained subsistence with the bulk of commodity exports coming from the smallholder agricultural farmers. The major crops include coffee, cereals, pulses, oilseeds, potatoes, sugarcane, and vegetables. These crops come from farmers holding an average of 1.2 hectares of land, 55 percent of whom holding less than one (1) hectare.
Ethiopia’s livestock population is believed to be the largest in Africa, and tenth in the world. The sector accounts for about 10% of Ethiopia’s export income, with leather and leather products making up 7.5% and live animals 3.1%. The country is home to about 49 million heads of cattle, 22 million heads of goats, 17 million heads of sheep and 38 million chickens. The country also has demonstrated potential for fishery development in its freshwater lakes, reservoirs and rivers. Other investment potential areas in this sector include fish, milk & meat processing, raising and fattening of sheep, goat, cattle and camel.
Ethiopia has competitive advantages in agriculture and agro-processing and sugar owing to the country’s favorable climatic conditions and types of soil suitable for the production of a variety of crops. The conditions are suitable for growing major food crops such as cereals, pulses, and oilseeds. Some of the sectors that also have great potential for investment include organic coffee cultivation, sugar cane, tea and spices, cotton (and textile), a broad range of fruits and vegetables and cut flowers.
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Goats are allied to sheep but are much hardier and more active animals. Their males or billy goats have a tuft of hair (beards) under the chin. The present day goats are said to be discarded from one to more kinds of wild goats of Asia & Europe. Read more
Potato is widely consumed as food all over the world. Potato chips are basically used for snacks purposes. They are produced by rapid dehydration of potato slices by direct contact with hot oil. Its crispiness and special palatability makes it the favourite of people of all age groups. Read more
Sugar industry is the most advanced processing industry in the agricultural sector and has brought about integrated rural development in certain remote villages. The main raw material i.e. sugarcane grows widely and is cultivated too. The utilization of it’s by products in the manufacture of alcohol, paper, etc. Read more
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In modern days bread is now becoming one of the most essential food item in human diet due to its readymade availability and high nutritive value. It is the most consumable wheat based bakery product. Wheat flour, yeast, sugar, salt, water and shortening agent are required as raw materials to manufacture bread. Read more
Sugarcane juice is a very delicious drink during summer, contains many minerals and has nutritive value. It is a major constituent of glucose and sugar. Glucose being a major stamina-enhancer, sugarcane juice is a pure and natural refreshment and is available in every town and city. Read more
Bakery products in India are in common use. Items like breads, biscuits, buns, doughnuts, cookies etc are very much popular among people and use them in their daily life, because they are cheaper and largely accepted. Attempts at popularizing bakery products among all has been successful because these products are considered easy, Read more
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Cocoa beverage is manufactured by the mixing of ingredients like cocoa powder, milk powder, sugar and vitamins homogeneously. It can be substitute of Milk products. Demand of cocoa beverages is increasing about 10% per annum. It is used as health drinks, to make the chocolate and flavoured food. Read more
In India the animal feed industry is of recent origin. There are today as many as 14 plants in the organized sector. All of them have excellent facilities for quality control and are well equipped for chemical analysis of raw materials and the finished products. Read more
Cold drinks are very popular among people of all ages. They are available in canteens, restaurants and hotels. Cold drinks in pouches are nowadays very common. These pouches may be available either as an aerated soft drink or juice based soft drink. The juice-based consists of nutritious fruit concentrate, Read more
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Potato is widely used vegetable in all over the world as food item. Modern food technologist has developed variety of food products which is manufactured by potato. The potato popular food products are potato chips, potato powder, potato flakes and potato granules etc. Read more
The mineral water is one of the important items, which is directly consumed by people all over the world. Mineral water is bottled under very hygenic conditions under strict quality control being market. Its major use in 5 star hotels and hospitals where good quality pure water is required for potable purposes. Read more
A larger part of the average family's food bill goes on protein foods e.g. cheese, eggs and fish etc., which are important parts of a healthy and well-balanced diet. Now-a-days people are turning to fresh-water fish such as rainbow trout, carps and tench, which can die raised in ponds and ornamental garden pots. Read more
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Cheese is basically milk product, which is manufactured from milk by acidulation and then by filtration. The precipitate is cheese, there are few seeds and cereals grain contains highly soluble protein, fat and carbohydrate. By grinding and mixing with water, it forms substitute of animal (cow, buffalo) milk. Read more
Among preserved fruits, jam, jellies, pickles and squashes forms an important class of products. Apart from fruit juices, squashes are also used in the form of drinks. These are found as attractive items in the functions. Sauces, ketchup, jams and jellies are used with breads etc during snacks. Read more
The protection of food stuffs from spoilage by moulds and bacteria is a major concern of the food technologist. Potatoes can be consumed in varied forms. In fact, it is a vegetable that can easily be combined with any other food item including other vegetables, cereals, pulses, meat and poultry. Read more
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India has the distinction of being the world’s largest power of grain legumes (pulses), notwithstanding the production is not adequate to ensure a per capita availability of 80 grams. The area under pules has been around 20 to 24 million hectares. Read more
Ice cream is defined as a frozen dairy product made by suitable blending and processing of cream and other milk products together with sugar, flavour, stabilizer and incorporation of air by agitating during the freezing process. Read more
Food is mainly composed of three main groups of constituents i.e. carbohydrates, fat & protein. In addition to this there must be some inorganic minerals & organic substances e.g. vitamins, Iron, Mg etc. The body cereal foods is that enriched food which has a requisite level of nutrition. Read more
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Vermicelli, has been in use since the early period of Indian civilization. It is used by all communities, irrespective of cast or religion, it is also consumed in countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh, U.S.A, U.K., African and Middle East countries. Read more
There are few food items are largely used as diabetic food. There is no ill effect produce by taking of this food by the diabetic patient. It is now manufactured in India by some organized sectors. It has good export scope though there is good indigenous demand of the food. Read more
It is one of bakery products largely used by the cake manufacturer. Basic raw materials are vegetable oil, G.M.S., Xanthenes gum, Satiric Acid etc. It is stable (at room temperature) gel like product. It required a mixing machine, heating equipment, packing machine for manufacturing the product. Read more
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Chewing gum and bubble gum were originally made of the prime raw material called ‘chicle gum’
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